Chapter 18-Yoga
Since there is a wide range of imaginations and perceptions about Yoga, we would like to give you a brief
analysis about the original meaning of yoga and a description of different systems of yoga.
The word yoga is based on "yuj"(the root of the word) and means "to link with" or "to unite". What is to be
linked or united? The atma and the Paramatma-the soul and the Supreme soul or Supersoul. This definition is
well known and generally accepted but there is one major misconception about it: many inexperienced yogis
and jnanis think that "unite with" is to be equated with "to merge with". Uniting, however, does not mean that
the soul loses its individuality, but it means that the soul acts in accordance with the Supersoul. Each soul is
the servant of the Supersoul-Krishna (God).
There are different yoga systems which can help us to reach this goal. The reason for the difference between
the systems is that they are meant for particular ages and persons. Nevertheless they all have one goal in
common: to become free from material bondage and to spiritualize the consciousness.
People who are unfamiliar with the Vedic tradition of yoga see it as an exercise program or a way to relieve
stress. Yoga does help in this way, but its main purpose is to help one regain their spiritual concsiousness and
link again with God.
The following are the most prominent yoga systems:
Raja-yoga or Astanga-yoga
Raja means "royal" and astanga means "eightfold". So the terms refer to the royal or eightfold path of
liberation. This process reveals how one can reach liberation by gradually going through eight steps:
yama: sense control
niyama: rules and regulations
asana: sitting postures
pranavama: breathing exercises
prarvahara: withdrawal of the senses from the sense objects
dharana: concentration
dhvana: meditation
samadhi: self realization, spiritual trance
The following eight mystic perfections can be achieved by the practice of yoga:
anima: to become smaller than the smallest
mahima: to become bigger than the biggest
laghima: to become lighter than the lightest
prapti: to fulfil desires
prakamya: to be able to experience any enjoyable object
isita: to control sub-powers of maya
vasita: to control others, avoid the influence of the 3 modes
kamavasita: to get objects from anywhere
The problem with mystic powers in general is that the practitioner cannot stop using them and thus falls into a
subtle trap of maya by which he uses up his good karma and then no longer can control the senses.
Hatha-yoga
Hatha yoga is not a yoga system in itself-as most people think-but one of the eight steps of the astanga yoga
process. It includes specific sitting and breathing techniques by which one controls the life airs (prana, apana,
vyana, samana and udana). The process is mainly meant to keep the body free from disease and the mind
peaceful and stable.
Mantra-yoga
This is a simple system for spiritual advancement and is especially recommended in Kali Yuga for elevating
one's consciousness. Most people cannot sit and meditate for thousands of years as many yogis did in previous
ages. There are mantras for material and spiritual goals.
Karma-yoga
This is a process by which one can attain perfection through action. It is meant for those who are attached to
fruitive, materialistic activities. Generally, the karma-yogi is interested in his own happiness, but is at the same
time strictly following prescribed religious duties and offers the results of his activities as far as possible to
God. Thus, karma-yoga is considered an intermediate state between material and spiritual life.
Jnana-yoga
Through studies in the path of enlightenment, empirical studies and mental speculation debates, etc, the
jnana-yogi tries to come closer to the Absolute Truth. Without proper guidance, however, it is very likely that
one becomes bewildered or agnostic by following this path. Knowledge alone may show one the right
direction but is not necessarily purifying the consciousness because even though someone may know
something, it does not mean they will also have the realization.P
Kundalini-yoga
This process is in certain ways similar to Astanga-yoga. In addition, the yogi tries to awaken the kundalini
shakti which is situated within the chakra of the lower back (muladhara chakra). Through specific techniques
the kundalini is elevated through the sushumna channel to the highest cakra (sahas-rara). At this point the two
shaktis are combined and at this time the successful yogi leaves together with the life air through the top of the
head. An experienced guru is required since there is the danger of psychological and physical damages
resulting from the practitioners' inability to control the kundalini shakti after rising her up from the muladhara
cakra.
Kriya-yoga
This process is meant for those with mystical inclinations-people who are attracted by mystic powers.
Kriya-yoga teaches techniques that help to enrich the blood with additional oxygen which causes a
rejuvenation of the chakras and the brain. The process further enables one to dematerialize and again
materialize at will and explains how various gross energies can be used to activate subtle energies. The
process itself is described in the Garuda Purana.
BHAKTI-YOGA
This process teaches one how to attain the Supreme through loving devotional service. In this way the goal of
ALL the other yoga processes is easily achieved. Although it is the most direct and straight forward process to
achieve the Supreme, it is the only one where the practitioner can be married. Having a Krsna conscious child
is bhakti-yoga. All other processes strictly demand complete celibacy, are comparatively mechanical and offer
only artificial sense control. One example is of Visvamitra Muni- he was mediatiting and became agitated by
the ankle bells of the heavenly society girl, Menaka. He was no longer able to control his senses and fell down
with her.
By chanting the Holy Names of the Lord, one is engaging in bhakti yoga and is able to achieve all perfection.
Hari das Thakur, one of Lord Caitanya's intimate associates chanted 300,000 names of the Lord a day. He was
approached by a prostitute who was Maya incarnate but he did not succumb to her advances and advised her to
chant. The power of the Holy Name was that she gave up prostitution, accepted Hari das as her spiritual
master, and chanted 300,000 names of the Lord a day for the rest of her life.
There are two stages of Bhakti- yoga. Vaidhi bhakti is the beginning stage where rules and regulations help the
devotee get rid of their material attachments and begin practicing devotional service. Raganuga bhakti is the
spontaneous unalloyed level of devotional service. Only pure devotees are in this stage and one must not
imitate them.
Engage in Bhakti-Yoga, loving devotional service to Krsna and chant His Holy Names:
Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare
Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare